9/16/2023 0 Comments Cultural landscape human geography![]() ![]() The references listed below are reviews of the literature on landscape and nature-society relationships, especially within the field of geography. Reviews of Landscape and Nature-Society Studies To maximize both, there are increasing efforts toward developing methods for modeling complex interactions and governing complex systems. The concept of vulnerability has also been applied to coupled human and natural systems, also known as social-ecological systems, which link human well-being to ecological functioning. Natural hazards is a field of research and practice that increasingly views vulnerability and the impacts of hazards as resulting from both physical and social phenomena, and thus fundamentally a problem of landscape. These causes and their implied solutions have been the subject of decades or, in some cases, centuries of debate. Much environmental degradation has been attributed to a few overarching causes, such as population growth, economic activities, political systems, ethical systems, and social inequality. Humans depend on landscapes for resources, alter landscapes for myriad reasons, and face threats from landscapes, some of which were created or enhanced by human activities. These debates have also occurred in non-Anglophone literature and among non-Western cultures, only some of which can be addressed here. The concept of landscape itself has long been associated with aesthetics, which is also linked to cultural values, and can be observed in artistic activities such as landscape painting or the development of or conservation of existing landscapes. Major theories that link culture and landscape address how environments affect the development of cultures, how cultural activities impact environments, and how interactions in both directions are processed through perceptions and cultural values that are also linked to identity. Landscape approaches also tend to emphasize the visual, though places can be experienced through other senses. Concerns that the term “landscape” prioritizes terrestrial places have led to increasing use of terms such as “seascape” and “airscape,” though their usage is minimal in comparison. It is typically used to describe a distinctive combination of natural and cultural features, and often serves as the basic unit of analysis for social and natural science studies. The concept of “landscape” varies within and among disciplines, not to mention different languages. Human-landscape interactions, also often described as nature-society or human-environment interactions, is a topic examined by multiple disciplines and subdisciplines, including but not limited to geography, anthropology, ecology, human ecology, cultural ecology, political ecology, environmental sociology, environmental anthropology, and earth systems science. Environmental Ethics, Ecofeminism, and Environmental Justice.Political Economy and Critical Development Theory.Market Environmentalism and Ecological Economics.Population Pressures on the Environment.Explaining Social and Environmental Change.Methodology for Modeling Coupled Human-Environment Systems. ![]() ![]() Vulnerability and Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems.Human Interactions with Specific Earth Systems.Human Impacts and the Anthropocene: Overviews.Landscape Concepts in Non-Western Cultures.Human-Landscape Interactions in Non-Anglophone Literature.Landscape and Culture: Foundational Theories.Reviews of Landscape and Nature-Society Studies. ![]()
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